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山东地面沉降灾害以鲁北平原最为严重,在德州地区的地面沉降已对当地人民的正常生产和生活构成了威胁,并制约了当地经济的可持续发展。通过建立水准测量网络及监测运行,查明了德州市地面沉降的规模和范围,研究成果表明工作区均存在地面沉降现象,截至2010年,德城区由于地下水开采强度大,地面沉降幅度最大,目前地面累计沉降量为-1186．9～-636．9mm,多年平均沉降速率为59．35mm／a,形成了以市区西北部为中心的地面沉降盆地。超量开采深层地下水是造成大规模地面沉降的重要因素。 相似文献
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表层土壤重金属元素污染特征及潜在生态风险评价:以山东省东部为例 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
针对当前土壤污染研究中存在的问题,提出了一种模糊识别土壤重金属元素污染评价的方法。并对瑞典学者(Hakan-son)提出的潜在生态危害指数法进行了改进,用以评价重金属元素潜在生态风险。采用建立的方法对山东省东部地区土壤重金属元素潜在生态风险进行了评价,结果表明:本区土壤重金属元素污染程度为Hg>Cd>Cu>Pb>Zn>Cr>As;而重金属元素潜在生态风险大小则依次为Hg、Cd、As、Pb、Cu、Cr、Zn。总体来看,山东省东部地区存在一定程度的重金属元素污染,其潜在生态风险为强和很强的土壤占13.75%,这种综合危害特征主要受Hg和Cd元素制约,主要分布在莱州—招远—烟台和牟平—乳山金矿集中区以及人口密集的城镇地带,且已对农作物安全产生影响。认为地质背景和人类活动(采金污染、工业生产、城市人口密集生活等)的共同作用,是造成局部环境中潜在生态风险较高的主要原因。 相似文献
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《Gondwana Research》2014,26(4):1294-1307
The end Ordovician (Hirnantian) extinction was the first of the five big Phanerozoic extinction events, and the first that involved metazoan-based communities. It comprised two discrete pulses, both linked in different ways to an intense but short-lived glaciation at the South Pole. The first, occurring at, or just below, the Normalograptus extraordinarius graptolite Biozone, mainly affected nektonic and planktonic species together with those living on the shallow shelf and in deeper water whereas the second, within the N. persculptus graptolite Biozone, was less focused, eradicating faunas across a range of water depths. In all about 85% of marine species were removed. Proposed kill mechanisms for the first phase have included glacially-induced cooling, falling sea level and chemical recycling in the oceans, but a general consensus is lacking. The second phase is more clearly linked to near-global anoxia associated with a marked transgression during the Late Hirnantian. Most recently, however, new drivers for the extinctions have been proposed, including widespread euxinia together with habitat destruction caused by plate tectonic movements, suggesting that the end Ordovician mass extinctions were a product of the coincidence of a number of contributing factors. Moreover, when the deteriorating climate intensified, causing widespread glaciation, a tipping point was reached resulting in catastrophe. 相似文献
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本文通过总结前人关于地质灾害预报预警的研究,选取敦化地区近10年来发生灾害的泥石流沟为例,基于功效系数法,建立了一套地质环境条件与气象因素相耦合的泥石流预报预警流程,并基于GIS技术,运用C#和VB语言编码,设计开发了敦化典型泥石流地质灾害自动预警系统。系统以地质环境条件、前期有效降雨量和当日降雨量为综合评价对象,能较准确预测泥石流发生概率,预报精度较高;多线程、XML和组件式软件开发等技术的应用,提高了系统自动预警的速度,增强了系统的灵活性、重用性和开放性,便于维护。 相似文献